Under Penal Code 647 (j)(1), what action constitutes invasion of privacy?

Invasion of privacy under Penal Code 647 (j)(1) specifically includes actions that involve looking through a hole or opening to view into a private area. This provision is aimed at protecting individuals from being observed in private spaces where they have a reasonable expectation of privacy. This could pertain to situations such as peering through windows or other openings which intrudes upon someone's personal space without their knowledge or consent.

The focus of this legal definition is on the act of viewing someone in a private setting without their permission, highlighting the significance of privacy rights in personal and intimate settings. This context is essential to understanding why this particular action is classified as invasive.

While taking photographs without consent and listening to conversations can also pertain to privacy violations, they are covered under different legal statutes. Similarly, entering private property without permission, while potentially unlawful, does not directly relate to the concept of privacy invasion in the same manner defined by this specific section of Penal Code 647. Thus, looking through a hole or opening is the direct action that constitutes invasion of privacy as outlined in this legal framework.