Which act does not constitute abduction?

The correct answer is based on the concept of custody and the legal rights associated with it. Taking a child with proper custody refers to a situation in which the individual has the legal authority to take custody of the child, such as a parent or legal guardian acting within the bounds of their rights. This does not constitute abduction as it follows legal protocols.

In contrast, the other scenarios provided involve elements that violate the rights of legal custodians or pose a risk to the child's well-being. Keeping a child to harm them clearly indicates malicious intent and is an act of abduction. Withholding a child from a custodian undermines the rights granted to that custodian and qualifies as abduction due to the wrongful taking. Concealing a child from law enforcement also demonstrates a disregard for legal authority and often involves intentions to evade justice, thus constituting abduction as well. Understanding these distinctions highlights the importance of legal custody in determining what actions are considered abduction and reinforces the principles governing child welfare and custody rights.